The textile manufacturing process includes various levels having their own functions. Among these, spinning is the initial stage of the process; whereas, garment manufacturing is the concluding level. Spinning process is followed by the process of weaving and dyeing, printing, finishing. Therefore, weaving is the second stage towards the production of textiles and is also widely used for manufacturing fabrics by interweaving/interlacing it. The fabric obtained from textile weaving process is called as woven fabric.

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM “TEXTILE WEAVING PROCESS”?

Weaving is the process of interlacing threads vertically and horizontally at the right angles to generate a textile. By changing the way of weaving threads, various textile/fabric appearances are created. Before indulging in the weaving process there are some pre-processes and pre-treatment’s to be carried out for fabric. After the process of spinning is carried out, the yarns are distinguished in two forms i.e. weft yarn and warp yarn. Different treatments of weaving are provided to both of these yarns. Now let us look at the equipment’s and terms used in the textile weaving process.

TOOLS AND TERMS OF WEAVING PROCESS:

Weaving process includes the utilization of equipment’s to make a textile. Also there are some terms you should know before briefly analyzing the process.

LOOM: A machine from undertaking the process of weaving is called as a loom. As a wooden frame hand-loom it can be simple and as an electronic device it could be complicated also known as contemporary industrial loom. The width of the loom states the width of the textile/fabric. Loom is used to interlace two types of thread mentioned- warp and weft. Warp threads runs the length of textile vertically. On the other hand, weft threads run horizontally indicating the width of textile. There are different types of looms machine available such as air jet looms machine, water jet looms machine, etc.

WARP BEAM: Warp beam is a bar of cylindrical shape around which the warp threads are wound prior to the weaving process. It holds the thread in the process.

SHAFT/HARNESS: Shaft/Harness is a frame moving up and down. It contains many heddles. This holds the warp threads to create the pattern. Weaver can use much harness at a time having heddles.

SHUTTLE: Shuttle is a tool designed which neatly stores the holder which carries the weft yarn in the process. Some weaver also uses treadles to help power the loom.

PROCESS FLOW CHART OF WEAVING/MANUFACTURING FABRIC IN TEXTILE:

STEP 1: Yarn from spinning process

STEP 2: Doubling and twisting

STEP 3: Winding

STEP 4: Creeling

STEP 5: Warping

STEP 6: Sizing

STEP 7: Winding on weavers beam 

STEP 8: Weaving

Fabric/yarn is passed for the textile weaving process after the process of spinning. This textile is processed for further levels as mentioned above in steps.

DOUBLING AND TWISTING: Doubling procedure includes doubling the yarn to produce wrap for weaving as it removes variations in thickness. Twisting, in textile weaving is process that binds fibres together in a constant strand. The direction of the twist may be to the right as Z twist, or to the left as S twist.

WINDING: The process of shifting yarns from bobbin/ring into a convenient package is named as winding. It could be either mechanical or electrical. Warp yarn is wound on cone and flanged bobbin packages. Whereas; weft yarn is wounded on cop packages. 

CREELING: Creeling is the process of placing full packages in such a place which is ready to be unwound as section of transfer operations. Simply, it is the removal of exhausted packages as well as their replacement with full ones.

WARPING: Warping is parallel winding of yarn from cone package on a warp beam. It is required to confirm the warp beam is made from better warp yarn to otherwise weaving performance would be hampered. Ultimately, it is required to provide a good warp beam.

SIZING: Sizing is the procedure of providing a protective coating to warp yarn. This leads to minimizing yarn breakage during textile weaving. Sizing is the most significant function in preparation of warp yarn for weaving specifically with cotton yarn.

WINDING ON WEAVERS BEAM: Beaming consists winding the width of the warp yarns fully in a single winding operation carried on the weaving beam (the beam which is to be placed on the loom during process). The warp yarns are able to be wound from a creel/warping beam. Leasing includes inserting lease cords between the warp yarns to disconnect groups of warp yarns.

There are mainly 3 specific types of weaves such as: Plain weave, Twill weave and Satin weave. This weaving process is followed by dying, printing, finishing and textile manufacturing process is concluded by garment manufacturing.